Fig. 5

Pathways showing significant differential gene expression patterns between sites. a Differential expression of all significant (Benjamini-Hochberg padj < 0.05) Level 1 pathways at the Northern sites (1–3, n = 15), compared to Southern sites (4–5, n = 10). A red bar (fold change> 0) indicates upregulation in the North and a blue bar (fold change< 0) indicates downregulation in the North. b Differential expression of Level 2 Stress Response pathways at each site, relative to the mean of all other sites (n = 5, Benjamini-Hochberg *padj < 0.05, **padj < 0.01)