Fig. 1

Bray–Curtis dissimilarity distances based on 16S rRNA gene sequences for faecal samples visualised via principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) ordination. Each dot of the PCoA represents the microbiota of a single kākāpō chick faecal sample. Samples are shaped by location and coloured by A whether samples were collected while the chick was in the hand rearing facility versus in a nest, B relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella coli, and C chick age at sample collection. Panel D depicts the most influential ASV vectors plotted using the vegan::envfit function