Fig. 8

Circos plots (a, b) and heatmaps (c, d) showing associations analysis. Associations analysis performed between differentially abundant microbiota and metabolites in FOS–BC group compared to FOS group (a, c) and GOS–BC group compared to FOS–BC group (b, d) based on Spearman Correlation Analysis. Heatmaps show expansion of the results shown in the circos plots. Spearman's correlation, R, ranges between − 1 to 1. p < 0.05 indicates a statistically significant correlation. In circos plots, red and green lines specify positive and negative correlations, respectively. In heatmaps, red color and blue color indicate positive and negative correlations respectively. The darker color indicates the larger statistical significance. Symbol * and ** indicate p value for correlation coefficients smaller than 0.05 or 0.01, respectively. Correlations between differential microbiota and metabolites among the treatments including R and p values are presented in Additional File 4