Fig. 1
From: Volatiles of symbiotic bacterial origin explain ectoparasitism and fledging success of hoopoes
Microbial composition at the phylum and the genus levels of nest materials (A and B), and of adult female and nestling secretions (C and D) collapsed by experimental treatment at different nestling periods (1: 6–8 days old nestlings; 2: 17 days-old nestlings). While in experimental nest, nest material was autoclaved before the reproduction started and placed in new nest boxes, in control ones, the nest material was not autoclaved and placed in new nest boxes. In natural nests, old nest boxes and nest material were not manipulated. Taxa in the legend are sorted from the most to lowest abundant