Fig. 4

Change in the microbial community composition in relation to the cross-fostering experiment. The amount of change in the microbiota for each individual nestling when it was young vs. old was measured by the Jaccard metric and then summarized across individuals with boxplots. The P-value is for the test of whether control and cross-foster offspring differed from one another. This test had 20 controls and 15 cross-fostered nestlings. The boxplots show the median as a thick line within boxes of the 25th and 75th percentiles, with whiskers for the minimum and maximum, and the outlier as a separate point