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Table 1 Cecal and distal colon pellet short chain fatty acid concentrations and distribution

From: Environmental enrichment with nylon gnaw sticks introduces variation in Sprague Dawley rat immune and lower gastrointestinal parameters with differences between sexes

Location

Cecal

Distal colonic pellets

Sex

Female

Male

Female

Male

Condition

Control

GS

Control

GS

Control

GS

Control

GS

SCFA

Total (µmol/gww)*

41.1 ± 4.3

50.2 ± 6.5

53.2 ± 6.6

34.6a ± 4.7

32.3 ± 5.4

25.6 ± 2.9

35 ± 3.9

27 ± 5.2

Acetate (%)

58.6 ± 2.1%

64.0 ± 2.3%

62.2 ± 1.9%

55.1 ± 3%

60 ± 2.3%

63.4b ± 1.3%

62 ± 1.7%

56.8b ± 4%

Propionate (%)

15.6 ± 0.5%

15.3b ± 0.4%

16.2 ± 0.8%

17.9b ± 0.5%

11.9 ± 0.6%

12.5 ± 1.1%

12.4 ± 1.1%

13.7 ± 1%

Butyrate (%)

20.0 ± 1%

15.6 ± 1%

15.0 ± 0.6%

17.6 ± 2%

21.1 ± 2.1%

16.1 ± 1%

17.2 ± 1.3%

18.6 ± 3.2%

BCFA

Total (µmol/gww)*

1.3 ± 0.1

1.1b ± 0.1

1.9 ± 0.2

1.9b ± 0.1

1.4 ± 0.1

1.3 ± 0.1

1.7 ± 0.1

1.7 ± 0.2%

Iso-butyric (%)

1.8 ± 0.1%

1.6b ± 0.2%

2.0 ± 0.2%

3.0b ± 0.3%

2.1 ± 0.2%

2.3 ± 0.3%

2.3 ± 0.2%

3 ± 0.5%

Iso-valeric (%)

1.6 ± 0.1%

1.4b ± 0.2%

2.0 ± 0.4%

3.1b ± 0.4

2.7 ± 0.4%

2.9 ± 0.4%

2.7 ± 0.3%

4.5 ± 0.9%

Valeric(%)

2.3 ± 0.1%

2.2b ± 0.2%

2.3 ± 0.2%

3.2b ± 0.4%

1.8 ± 0.1%

2 ± 0.2%

1.7 ± 0.2%

2.2 ± 0.3

  1. * Total SCFA amount is shown as µmol/gww (gram of wet weight of cecal contents or colonic pellets), individual metabolites are shown as % of total SCFA
  2. aSignificantly different from control male control value (p < 0.05)
  3. bSignificant difference between sexes in GS groups, but not controls (p < 0.05)