Fig. 1

Effects of Bacillus subtilis HGCC-1 on liver health of golden pompano. (A) Relative mRNA expression levels of the nuclear factor kappa-b (nf-kb), (B) interleukin 1β (il-1β), and (C) tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α). (D) and (E) Relative mRNA expression levels of the interleukin 8 (il-8) and interferon gamma (ifn-γ) gene. (F) and (G) Relative mRNA expression levels of transforming growth factor-β (tgf-β) and the anti-inflammatory-related gene interleukin 10 (il-10). Data represent the means ± SEM of each group (n = 25 or 26). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01; **** P < 0.0001; P < 0.05 represents significant difference