Fig. 4

Effects of Bacillus subtilis HGCC-1 on the composition of the gut microbiota. (A) and (B) Species composition of the gut microbiota at the phylum and genus levels of top10, respectively. (C) LEfSe (Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size) was used to analyse the difference between control and HGCC-1 for biomarker, where a threshold of LDA greater than 3.7 was demonstrated. (D) Relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacillus in Control and HGCC-1 diets. (E) Screening for significantly different gut microbiota was performed at the species level, where relative abundance top15 was shown, Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used for analysis of variance, and P-values were shown after correction by FDR (false discovery rate). Data represent the means (± SEM) (n = 25 or 26). *P < 0.05 and ****, P < 0.0001, ns represent no significant difference