Fig. 4

Administering A. muciniphila to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated piglets impaired intestinal endogenous antimicrobial ability. Values are means, with their standard errors represented by vertical bars (n = 6). Bars that do not share the same superscripts are significantly different (P < 0.05). CON, pigs were fed with a basal diet; CA, pigs were gavaged every day with 1 × 10¹¹ CFU/10 mL A. muciniphila (DSM 22959); DCON, pigs were fed with a basal diet and challenged by DSS; DA, pigs were gavaged every day with 1 × 10¹¹ CFU/10 mL A. muciniphila (DSM 22959) and challenged by DSS. PBD1 porcine β-defensin 1, PBD3 porcine β-defensin 3, PBD114 porcine β-defensin 114, PBD129 porcine β-defensin 129