Probiotic administration aggravates dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced inflammation and intestinal epithelium disruption in weaned pig

Table 8 Effects of A. muciniphila supplementation on specific microbial populations in the cecum and colon of weaned pigs upon DSS challenge, log₁₀(copies/g)¹

Items	Treatments²				SEM	P-value
Items	CON	CA	DCON	DA	SEM	AKK	DSS	Interaction
Cecum
Total bacteria	13.57	13.76	13.23	13.81	0.24	0.04	0.40	0.27
Bacillus	7.38	9.53	3.41	3.74	2.56	0.50	0.02	0.62
Bifidobacterium	7.53^ab	8.23^a	2.26^ab	3.97^b	2.06	0.42	< 0.01	0.73
Lactobacillus	7.88^ab	10.32^a	1.189^c	3.21^bc	2.15	0.16	< 0.01	0.89
Escherichia coli	5.31	7.30	2.21	4.93	2.02	0.12	0.07	0.81
Clostridium	6.60	8.63	4.065	7.78	1.78	0.04	0.20	0.51
A. muciniphila	5.21^b	7.58^ab	8.01^ab	8.84^a	1.16	0.07	0.02	0.36
Mucispirillum	7.47	7.28	5.70	5.92	0.74	0.98	< 0.01	0.71
R. gnavus	7.94^a	10.10^a	8.56^ab	10.02^a	0.72	< 0.01	0.60	0.50
R. torques	2.56	5.01	5.18	6.98	1.68	0.09	0.07	0.79
Colon
Total bacteria	14.03	14.19	13.91	14.06	0.27	0.43	0.52	0.99
Bacillus	7.71	9.32	3.08	3.44	2.43	0.58	< 0.01	0.72
Bifidobacterium	6.53	8.07	2.31	3.94	2.39	0.36	0.02	0.98
Lactobacillus	8.18^ab	10.18^a	1.13^b	3.56^bc	2.27	0.19	< 0.01	0.90
Escherichia coli	5.89	8.16	3.12	6.93	2.15	0.06	0.21	0.62
Clostridium	7.53^ab	9.83^a	2.29^b	6.18^ab	2.06	0.05	< 0.01	0.59
A. muciniphila	6.55^b	6.43^b	6.48^b	8.57^a	0.70	0.07	0.05	0.04
Mucispirillum	6.35	5.86	3.95	5.21	1.04	0.61	0.05	0.25
R. gnavus	8.57^b	10.90^a	8.89^ab	10.13^ab	0.76	< 0.01	0.68	0.32
R. torques	4.00	6.96	3.20	4.32	1.97	0.16	0.24	0.52

R. gnavus Ruminococcus gnavus, R. torques Ruminococcus torques
¹ Mean and total SEM are list in Separate columns, n = 6
² CON, pigs were fed with a basal diet; CA, pigs were gavaged every day with 1 × 10¹¹ CFU/10 mL A. muciniphila (DSM 22959); DCON, pigs were fed with a basal diet and challenged by DSS; DA, pigs were gavaged every day with 1 × 10¹¹ CFU/10 mL A. muciniphila (DSM 22959) and challenged by DSS
^{a, b} mean values within a row with unlike superscript letters were significantly different, P < 0.05

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