Fig. 4

Core microbiome composition at the genus level in olive flounder across 18℃, 22℃, and 26℃ temperature groups. (A) Venn diagram illustrating the overlap of core microbiome genera shared among the 18℃, 22℃, and 26℃ group, with each core genus having a prevalence of at least 0.50 in the samples per treatment and a detection limit of 0.0001. (B) Visualization of the core microbiome’s read abundance: The horizontal bar plot displays the log-transformed read count of 20 selected core genera (meeting a prevalence threshold of 0.50 and a detection limit of 0.002) across all samples (n = 15). The heat map shows the ln(x + 1)-transformed values. Rows are centered; unit variance scaling is applied to rows. The color gradient from red to blue across the map indicates the abundance of core microbiome, with red representing higher relative abundance and blue indicating low. Additionally, the 100% stacked bar plot visualizes the relative contribution of each genus to the total microbial composition, with colored segments representing different genera